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Zijn mannen gewelddadiger tegen hun partners dan vrouwen? ...Samenvatting
Uit deze literatuurstudie blijkt dat vrouwen even vaak als, zo niet vaker dan mannen lichte en ernstige vormen van fysiek geweld gebruiken tegen hun partner. Dit blijkt niet altijd voort te komen uit zelfverdediging. Vrouwen nemen vaak zelf het initiatief en zijn ook dikwijls de enige agressor. Het idee dat vrouwen niet in staat zijn hun man (ernstig) te verwonden blijkt onjuist. Zo stellen enkele onderzoekers vast dat vrouwen vaker kokend water, stenen, wapens en honkbalknuppels gebruiken. Ook wordt duidelijk dat ongeveer evenveel mannen als vrouwen door hun partner worden vermoord en slechts een klein gedeelte van de partnermoorden door vrouwen een reactie is op vroegere mishandeling of dreiging met geweld of dood. Verder blijkt dat mannen naast fysiek geweld te maken krijgen met geestelijk geweld en manipulatie. Opmerkelijk zijn de verschillende reacties op geweld waar het gaat om de sekse van de dader en het slachtoffer. Vrouwelijke daders worden veel positiever beoordeeld dan mannelijke daders in zowel de wetenschap, hulpverlening, media, politiek, als bij justitie en het grote publiek. De misvattingen rondom relationeel geweld worden aan de kaak gesteld en er worden enkele aanbevelingen gedaan hoe dit onderwerp in de toekomst te benaderen.
Summary
This literature study shows that females use (mild as well as severe forms of) physical violence against their partners equally as much, or even more, as males. This use of violence isn’t necessarily in self defense. Women often take the initiative to violence and frequently are the only aggressor. The idea that women are not capable of inflicting (severe) injuries to their partners is incorrect. Some researchers claim that women more often use boiling water, bricks, weapons and baseball bats than men. The findings show that females are as inclined as males to inflict serious injuries. Furthermore, an equal amount of males and females are murdered by their partner and only a small portion of the spouse killings by women are in response to prior abuse or threat with abuse or death. Apart from physical violence men become victims of emotional abuse as well. The different reactions on violence concerning the gender of the perpetrator and the victim are striking. Female perpetrators are judged far more positively than male perpetrators in the areas of science, mental health care, media, politics, justice as by the general public. The misconceptions on spouse abuse are addressed and recommendations for the future are suggested.
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